Asthma, the most common chronic childhood disease, is on the
rise due to factors such as a poor diet, infections, allergens,
and air pollution. Competitive athletes sometimes have a higher
prevalence
of asthma than others, possibly because of breathing in more
pollutants. Are children involved in outdoor team sports in
highly polluted areas at an increased risk for asthma?
Nine- to 16-year-old children in 12 communities in southern
California with varying levels of pollution (six with high
ozone levels, six with low ozone levels) were selected for
a study in a recent issue of The Lancet. The authors
assessed asthma risk in approximately 3,500 children who played
zero, one, two, or three or more team sports. The children
were followed for up to five years to determine the development
of asthma.
Children playing three or more team sports in high-ozone
communities were over three times more likely to develop asthma
than children playing no sports. Playing three or more sports
in low-ozone communities had no significant effect on asthma
prevalence, however. More time spent outside (unrelated to
playing sports) in high-ozone communities also was linked
to a higher incidence of asthma.
This study does not imply that your children should avoid
outdoor activities or athletics. If you live in an area with
higher-than-normal pollution levels, however, be sure to limit
your children's outdoor activities and sports participation
on high-pollution days. Most cities with high pollution levels
provide daily reports of ozone and air quality, often in the
local newspaper.
Reference:
McConnell R, Berhane K, Gilliland F, et al. Asthma in exercising
children exposed to ozone: A cohort study. The Lancet 2002:359,
pp. 386-391.
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